ΦΥΣΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΤΕΧΝΗΤΗ ΝΟΗΜΟΣΥΝΗ

ΠΙΝΑΚΑΣ ΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΜΕΝΩΝ

1. Introduction

PART I: PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS

2. The Ontological Problem

2.1 Dualism

a) Substance Dualism
b) Property Dualism

2.2 Materialistic Theories

a) Reductive Materialism (Identity Theory)
b) Functionalism
c) Eliminative Materialism

3. The Epistemological Problem

3.1 The Problem of Other Minds
3.2 The Problem of Self-Consciousness

4. The Methodological Problem

4.1 Idealism and Phenomenology
4.2 Methodological Behaviorism
4.3 The Cognitive Approach
4.4 Methodological Materialism

PART II: THE RESEARCH OF NATURAL INTELLIGENCE

5. Evolution and Intelligence

5.1 Laws and Phases of Evolution

a) The Evolution Theory
b) Basics of Life
c) Evolution of Life

5.2 Evolution Phases of the Nervous System

6. Neurophysiology and Neural Organization

6.1 Neurons

a) Structure and Function
b) Neuron Types
c) Structure and Function of Receptors

6.2 Neural Organization

a) Sensor Projection in the Brain
b) Motor Projection Outwards
c) Internal Organization

7. Biological Control Systems

7.1 Introduction
7.2 Particularities of Biological Control Systems
7.3 Examples of Biological Control Loops

a) Temperature Control
b) Control of Blood Pressure
c) Control of Carbon Hydrates
d) Further Examples

7.4 Dynamic Properties of Biological Control Loops

a) Temperature Control
b) Control of Blood Pressure
c) Control of Blood Sugar Level
d) Pupil Control

7.5 Modelling of Biological Control Systems

a) Pupil System
b) Eye Tracking System

7.6 The Positioning System of Bats

8. Learning Structures in Higher Organisms

9. Language and Brain

10. Psychological Aspects

10.1 Neuropsychology
10.2 Cognitive Psychology
10.3 Freud’s Unconsiousness

PART III: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

11. Scope of Artificial Intelligence

11.1 Computers and Brains
11.2 Can Machines Think?
11.3 The Turing-Test

12. Optimization and Search Algorithms

12.1 Optimization Theorems and Algorithms
12.2 Search Algorithms
12.3 Game Trees
12.4 Algorithms based on Natural Analogons

a) Global Optimization
b) Simulated Annealing
c) Genetic Algorithms

13. Knowledge Representation

13.1 Introduction
13.2 Predicate Logic
13.3 Propositional Logic
13.4 Further Logic Structures

a) Nonmonotonical Logic
b) Fuzzy Logic

13.5 Structured Knowledge Representation

14. Expert Systems

15. The Manipulation of Natural Language

15.1 Understanding Natural Language
15.2 Production of Natural Language
15.3 Automatic Translation
15.4 The Programs ELIZA and SHRDLU

16. Artificial Perception

16.1 The Difficulties of Artificial Perception
16.2 Speech Recognition
16.3 Computer Vision
16.4 Simulated Neural Organization

17. Artificial Learning Structures

17.1 Explicit Learning Schemes
17.2 Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)

a) Feedforward ANN
b) Hopfield Networks
c) Kohonen Networks
d) Dynamic Networks

18. Artificial Life

18.1 Introduction
18.2 Local Rules and Emerging Global Behaviour
18.3 Evolutionary Algorithms
18.4 Artificial Ecologies
18.5 Real Objects
18.6 Computer Virus